Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and provide a soft touch.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are waterproof and provide an effective barrier against leaks. They are also flexible and comfortable to wear.
– **Breathable Films**: These allow air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place and to bond the different layers together. They must be skin-friendly and provide a strong hold without causing irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong and durable bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhere to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings and back of the pad.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these are optional and may not be suitable for all users, especially those with sensitive skin.

– **Fragrances**: Added to provide a pleasant scent, but can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: These natural additives are sometimes included for their soothing properties, helping to reduce skin irritation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure optimal performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the product. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and ensures that manufacturers maintain high standards of quality and hygiene.